rfc9737.original.xml   rfc9737.xml 
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<front> <rfc xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" category='std' docName='draft-ie
<title abbrev='LAYOUT_RECOVERY'> tf-nfsv4-layrec-04' number="9737" ipr='trust200902' obsoletes='' updates="" sort
Reporting of Errors via LAYOUTRETURN in NFSv4.2 Refs='true' submissionType='IETF' symRefs='true' tocDepth='3' tocInclude='true'
</title> consensus='true' version='3' xml:lang='en'>
<seriesInfo name='Internet-Draft' value='draft-ietf-nfsv4-layrec-04'/>
<front>
<title abbrev='Reporting Errors via LAYOUTRETURN'>Reporting Errors in NFSv4.2
via LAYOUTRETURN</title>
<seriesInfo name='RFC' value='9737'/>
<author fullname='Thomas Haynes' initials='T.' surname='Haynes'> <author fullname='Thomas Haynes' initials='T.' surname='Haynes'>
<organization abbrev='Hammerspace'>Hammerspace</organization> <organization abbrev='Hammerspace'>Hammerspace</organization>
<address> <address>
<email>loghyr@gmail.com</email> <email>loghyr@gmail.com</email>
</address> </address>
</author> </author>
<author fullname='Trond Myklebust' initials='T.' surname='Myklebust'> <author fullname='Trond Myklebust' initials='T.' surname='Myklebust'>
<organization abbrev='Hammerspace'>Hammerspace</organization> <organization abbrev='Hammerspace'>Hammerspace</organization>
<address> <address>
<email>trondmy@hammerspace.com</email> <email>trondmy@hammerspace.com</email>
</address> </address>
</author> </author>
<date year='2024' month='November' day='21'/> <date year='2025' month='February'/>
<area>Transport</area> <area>WIT</area>
<workgroup>Network File System Version 4</workgroup> <workgroup>nfsv4</workgroup>
<keyword>NFSv4</keyword> <keyword>NFSv4</keyword>
<abstract> <abstract>
<t> <t>
<!--[rfced] We note that "MDS" and "DS" are expanded as "metadata
server" and "data server", respectively, in RFC 8435. May we
expand these terms in the Abstract as shown below (option A) to
match RFC 8435?
After these terms are expanded, would you like to use the abbreviations?
There are 37 instances of "metadata server" and 2 instances of
"data server". If not, and it is desired to have the term written out,
should "MDS" and "DS" simply be removed since they are not used elsewhere
in the document (option B)? Please let us know your preference.
Original:
The Parallel Network File System (pNFS) allows for a file's metadata
(MDS) and data (DS) to be on different servers. When the metadata
server is restarted, the client can still modify the data file
component. During the recovery phase of startup, the metadata server
and the data servers work together to recover state (which files are
open, last modification time, size, etc.).
Perhaps A:
The Parallel Network File System (pNFS) allows for a file's metadata
and data to be on different servers (i.e., the metadata server (MDS)
and the data server (DS)).
or
Perhaps B:
The Parallel Network File System (pNFS) allows for a file's metadata
and data to be on different servers.
-->
The Parallel Network File System (pNFS) allows The Parallel Network File System (pNFS) allows
for a file's metadata (MDS) and data (DS) to be on different for a file's metadata and data to be on different
servers. When the metadata server is restarted, the client servers (i.e., the metadata server (MDS) and the data server (DS)). When t
can still modify the data file component. During the he MDS is restarted, the client
recovery phase of startup, the metadata server and the can still modify the data file component.
data servers work together to recover state (which files
are open, last modification time, size, etc.). If the client <!--[rfced] Please clarify "which files are open, last modification
time, size, etc.)". Are these files used by the servers during
the recovery phase?
Original:
During the recovery phase of startup, the metadata server
and the data servers work together to recover state
(which files are open, last modification time, size, etc.).
Perhaps:
During the recovery phase of startup, the metadata server
and the data servers work together to recover state
(the files used are "open", "last modification time",
"size", etc.).
RFC EDITOR: needs AD approval
-->
During the
recovery phase of startup, the MDS and the
DSs work together to recover state. If the client
has not encountered errors with the data files, then the state can be has not encountered errors with the data files, then the state can be
recovered, avoiding resilvering of the data files. With any recovered and the resilvering of the data files can be avoided. With any
errors, there is no means by which the client can report errors to the errors, there is no means by which the client can report errors to the
metadata server. As such, the metadata server has to MDS. As such, the MDS has to
assume that file needs resilvering. This document presents an assume that a file needs resilvering. This document presents an
extension to RFC8435 to allow the client to update the metadata extension to RFC 8435 to allow the client to update the metadata
and avoid the resilvering. via LAYOUTRETURN and avoid the resilvering.
</t> </t>
</abstract> </abstract>
<note removeInRFC='true'>
<t>
Discussion of this draft takes place
on the NFSv4 working group mailing list (nfsv4@ietf.org),
which is archived at
<eref target='https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/nfsv4/'/>.
Working Group information can be found at
<eref target='https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/nfsv4/about/'/>.
</t>
</note>
</front> </front>
<middle> <middle>
<section anchor='sec_intro' numbered='true' removeInRFC='false' toc='default'> <section anchor='sec_intro' numbered='true' toc='default'>
<name>Introduction</name> <name>Introduction</name>
<t> <t>
In the Network File System version4 (NFSv4) with a Parallel NFS In the Network File System version 4 (NFSv4) with a Parallel NFS
(pNFS) Flexible File Layout (<xref target='RFC8435' format='default' (pNFS) flexible file layout <xref target='RFC8435' format='default'
sectionFormat='of'/>) server, during recovery after a restart, sectionFormat='of'/> server, during recovery after a restart,
there is no mechanism for the client there is no mechanism for the client
to inform the metadata server about an error which occurred during a to inform the metadata server (MDS) about an error that occurred during a
WRITE (see Section 18.32 of <xref target='RFC8881' format='default' WRITE operation (see <xref section="18.32" target='RFC8881' format='default'
sectionFormat='of'/>) operation to the data servers in the period of sectionFormat='of'/>) to the data servers (DSs) in the period of
the outage. the outage.
</t> </t>
<t> <t>
Using the process detailed in <xref target='RFC8178' format='default' Using the process detailed in <xref target='RFC8178' format='default'
sectionFormat='of'/>, the revisions in this document become an sectionFormat='of'/>, the revisions in this document become an
extension of NFSv4.2 <xref target='RFC7862' format='default' extension of NFSv4.2 <xref target='RFC7862' format='default'
sectionFormat='of'/>. They are built on top of the external data sectionFormat='of'/>. They are built on top of the External Data
representation (XDR) <xref target='RFC4506' format='default' Representation (XDR) <xref target='RFC4506' format='default'
sectionFormat='of'/> generated from <xref target='RFC7863' sectionFormat='of'/> generated from <xref target='RFC7863'
format='default' sectionFormat='of'/>. format='default' sectionFormat='of'/>.
</t> </t>
<section anchor='sec_defs' numbered='true' removeInRFC='false' toc='default'> <section anchor='sec_defs' numbered='true' toc='default'>
<name>Definitions</name> <name>Definitions</name>
<t> <t>
See Section 1.1 of <xref target='RFC8435' format='default' See <xref section="1.1" target='RFC8435' format='default'
sectionFormat='of'/> for a set of definitions. sectionFormat='of'/> for a set of definitions.
</t> </t>
</section> </section>
<section numbered='true' removeInRFC='false' toc='default'> <section numbered='true' toc='default'>
<name>Requirements Language</name> <name>Requirements Language</name>
<t> <t>
The key words '<bcp14>MUST</bcp14>', '<bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14>', The key words "<bcp14>MUST</bcp14>", "<bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>REQU
'<bcp14>REQUIRED</bcp14>', '<bcp14>SHALL</bcp14>', '<bcp14>SHALL IRED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL
NOT</bcp14>', '<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>', '<bcp14>SHOULD NOT</bcp14>', NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>
'<bcp14>RECOMMENDED</bcp14>', '<bcp14>NOT RECOMMENDED</bcp14>', RECOMMENDED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>NOT RECOMMENDED</bcp14>",
'<bcp14>MAY</bcp14>', and '<bcp14>OPTIONAL</bcp14>' in this "<bcp14>MAY</bcp14>", and "<bcp14>OPTIONAL</bcp14>" in this document are to
document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 <xref be interpreted as
target='RFC2119' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/> <xref described in BCP&nbsp;14 <xref target="RFC2119"/> <xref target="RFC8174"/>
target='RFC8174' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/> when, when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. </t>
</t>
</section> </section>
</section> </section>
<section anchor='layout_state_recovery' numbered='true' removeInRFC='false' toc= 'default'> <section anchor='layout_state_recovery' numbered='true' toc='default'>
<name>Layout State Recovery</name> <name>Layout State Recovery</name>
<t> <t>
When a metadata server restarts, clients are provided a grace recovery perio d where When an MDS restarts, clients are provided a grace recovery period where
they are allowed to recover any state that they are allowed to recover any state that
they had established. With open files, the client can send an OPEN (see they had established. With open files, the client can send an OPEN operation
Section 18.16 of <xref target='RFC8881' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/ (see
>) <xref section="18.16" target='RFC8881' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/>
operation with a claim type of CLAIM_PREVIOUS (see Section 9.11 of )
<xref target='RFC8881' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/>). The client with a claim type of CLAIM_PREVIOUS (see <xref section="9.11" target='RFC888
uses the RECLAIM_COMPLETE (see Section 18.51 1' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/>). The client
of <xref target='RFC8881' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/>) operation uses the RECLAIM_COMPLETE operation (see <xref section="18.51" target='RFC88
to notify the metadata server that it is done reclaiming state. 81' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/>)
to notify the MDS that it is done reclaiming state.
</t> </t>
<t> <t>
The NFSv4 Flexible File Layout Type allows for the client to mirror files The NFSv4 flexible file layout type allows for the client to mirror files
(see Section 8 of <xref target='RFC8435' format='default' sectionFormat='of' (see <xref section="8" target='RFC8435' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/
/>). >).
With client side mirroring, it is important for the client to inform With client-side mirroring, it is important for the client to inform
the metadata server of any I/O errors encountered with one of the mirrors. the MDS of any I/O errors encountered with one of the mirrors.
This is the only way for the metadata server to determine one or more This is the only way for the MDS to determine if one or more
of the mirrors is corrupt and then repair the mirrors via resilvering of the mirrors are corrupt and then repair the mirrors via resilvering
(see Section 1.1 of <xref target='RFC8435' format='default' sectionFormat='o (see <xref section="1.1" target='RFC8435' format='default' sectionFormat='of
f'/>). '/>).
The client can use LAYOUTRETURN (see The client can use LAYOUTRETURN (see
Section 18.44 of <xref target='RFC8881' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/ <xref section="18.44" target='RFC8881' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/>
>) )
and the ff_ioerr4 (see Section 9.1.1 of <xref target='RFC8435' format='defau and the ff_ioerr4 structure (see <xref section="9.1.1" target='RFC8435' form
lt' sectionFormat='of'/>) structure to inform at='default' sectionFormat='of'/>) to inform
the metadata server of I/O errors. the MDS of I/O errors.
</t> </t>
<t> <t>
A problem is that when the metadata server restarts and the client has A problem arises when the MDS restarts and the client has
errors it needs to report, it can not do so. Section 12.7.4 of errors it needs to report but cannot do so. <xref section="12.7.4" target='R
<xref target='RFC8881' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/> requires FC8881' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/> requires
that the client <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> stop using layouts. While the that the client <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> stop using layouts. While the
intent there is that the client <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> stop doing I/O intent there is that the client <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> stop doing I/O
to the storage devices, it is also true that the layout stateids to the storage devices, it is also true that the layout stateids
are no longer valid. The LAYOUTRETURN needs are no longer valid. The LAYOUTRETURN needs
a layout stateid to proceed and the client can not get a layout a layout stateid to proceed, and the client cannot get a layout
during grace recovery (see Section 12.7.4 of during grace recovery (see <xref section="12.7.4" target='RFC8881' format='d
<xref target='RFC8881' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/>) to efault' sectionFormat='of'/>) to
recover layout state. As such, clients have no choice but to not recover recover layout state. As such, clients have no choice but to not recover
files with I/O errors. In turn, the metadata server <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> files with I/O errors. In turn, the MDS <bcp14>MUST</bcp14>
assume that the mirrors are inconsistent and pick one for resilvering. assume that the mirrors are inconsistent and pick one for resilvering.
It is a <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> because even if the metadata server can It is a <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> because even if the MDS can
determine that the client did modify data during the outage, it <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> determine that the client did modify data during the outage, it <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14>
assume those modifications were consistent. assume those modifications were consistent.
</t> </t>
<t> <t>
To fix this issue, the metadata server <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> accept To fix this issue, the MDS <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> accept
for the lrf_stateid in LAYOUTRETURN (see Section 18.44.1 of the anonymous stateid of all zeros (see <xref section="8.2.3" target='RFC888
<xref target='RFC8881' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/>) 1' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/>) for the lrf_stateid in LAYOUTRETURN (s
the anonymous stateid of all zeros ee <xref section="18.44.1" target='RFC8881' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/
(see Section 8.2.3 of <xref target='RFC8881' format='default' sectionFormat= >).
'of'/>).
The client can use this anonymous stateid to The client can use this anonymous stateid to
inform the metadata server of errors inform the MDS of errors
encountered. The metadata server can then encountered. The MDS can then
accurately resilver the file by picking the mirror(s) that do not accurately resilver the file by picking the mirror(s) that does not
have any associated errors. have any associated errors.
</t> </t>
<t> <t>
During the grace period, if the client sends a lrf_stateid During the grace period, if the client sends an lrf_stateid
in the LAYOUTRETURN with any value other than the in the LAYOUTRETURN with any value other than the
anonymous stateid of all zeros, then the metadata server anonymous stateid of all zeros, then the MDS
<bcp14>MUST</bcp14> now respond with an error of <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> respond with an error of
NFS4ERR_GRACE (see Section of 15.1.9.2 <xref target='RFC8881' format='defaul NFS4ERR_GRACE (see <xref section="15.1.9.2" target='RFC8881' format='default
t' sectionFormat='of'/>). ' sectionFormat='of'/>).
After the grace period, if the client sends a lrf_stateid After the grace period, if the client sends an lrf_stateid
in the LAYOUTRETURN with a value of the anonymous stateid of all zeros, then in the LAYOUTRETURN with a value of the anonymous stateid of all zeros, then
the metadata server the MDS
<bcp14>MUST</bcp14> now respond with an error of <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> respond with an error of
NFS4ERR_NO_GRACE (see Section 15.1.9.3 of <xref target='RFC8881' format='def NFS4ERR_NO_GRACE (see <xref section="15.1.9.3" target='RFC8881' format='defa
ault' sectionFormat='of'/>). ult' sectionFormat='of'/>).
</t> </t>
<t> <t>
Also, when the metadata server builds the reply to the LAYOUTRETURN
when a lrf_stateid with the value of the anonymous stateid of all zeros Also, when the MDS builds the reply to the LAYOUTRETURN
with an lrf_stateid with the value of the anonymous stateid of all zeros,
it <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> bump the seqid of the lorr_stateid. it <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> bump the seqid of the lorr_stateid.
</t> </t>
<t> <t>
If the metadata server detects that the layout being returned in If the MDS detects that the layout being returned in
the LAYOUTRETURN does not match the current mirror instances found the LAYOUTRETURN does not match the current mirror instances found
for the file, then it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> ignore the LAYOUTRETURN and resilv er the for the file, then it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> ignore the LAYOUTRETURN and resilv er the
file in question. file in question.
</t> </t>
<t> <t>
The metadata server <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> resilver any files The MDS <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> resilver any files
which are neither explicitly recovered with a CLAIM_PREVIOUS nor that are neither explicitly recovered with a CLAIM_PREVIOUS nor
have a reported error via a LAYOUTRETURN. have a reported error via a LAYOUTRETURN.
The client has most likely restarted and lost any state. The client has most likely restarted and lost any state.
</t> </t>
<section anchor='sec_when_to_resilver' numbered='true' removeInRFC='false' toc ='default'> <section anchor='sec_when_to_resilver' numbered='true' toc='default'>
<name>When to Resilver</name> <name>When to Resilver</name>
<t> <t>
A write intent occurs when a client opens a file and gets A write intent occurs when a client opens a file and gets
a LAYOUTIOMODE4_RW from the metadata server. The metadata server a LAYOUTIOMODE4_RW from the MDS. The MDS
<bcp14>MUST</bcp14> track outstanding write intents and when it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> track outstanding write intents, and when it
restarts, it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> track recovery of those restarts, it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> track recovery of those
write intents. write intents.
The method that the metadata server uses to track write intents is The method that the MDS uses to track write intents is
implementation specific, i.e., outside of the scope of this document. implementation specific, i.e., outside the scope of this document.
</t> </t>
<t> <t>
The decision to resilver a file depends on how the client recovers the The decision to resilver a file depends on how the client recovers the
file before the grace period ends. If the client reclaims the file file before the grace period ends. If the client reclaims the file
and reports no errors, the metadata server <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> and reports no errors, the MDS <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14>
resilver the file. If the client reports an error on the file, resilver the file. If the client reports an error on the file,
then the file <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be resilvered. If the client then the file <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be resilvered. If the client
does not reclaim or report an error before the grace period ends, does not reclaim or report an error before the grace period ends,
then under the old behavior, the metadata server <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> then under the old behavior, the MDS <bcp14>MUST</bcp14>
resilver the file. resilver the file.
</t> </t>
<t> <t>
The resilvering process is broadly to: The resilvering process is broadly to:
</t> </t>
<ol> <ol>
<li> <li>
fence the file (see Section 2.2 fence the file (see <xref section="2.2" target='RFC8435' format='default
of <xref target='RFC8435' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/>), ' sectionFormat='of'/>),
</li> </li>
<li> <li>
record the need to resilver, record the need to resilver,
</li> </li>
<li> <li>
release the write intent, and release the write intent, and
</li> </li>
<li> <li>
once there are no write intents on the file, start the resilvering proce ss. once there are no write intents on the file, start the resilvering proce ss.
</li> </li>
</ol> </ol>
<t> <t>
The metadata server <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> resilver a file if there The MDS <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> resilver a file if there
are clients with outstanding write intents. I.e., multiple clients are clients with outstanding write intents, i.e., multiple clients
might have the file open with write intents. As it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> might have the file open with write intents. As the MDS <bcp14>MUST</bcp1
4>
track write intents, it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> also track the need to track write intents, it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> also track the need to
resilver. I.e., if the metadata server restarts during the grace resilver, i.e., if the MDS restarts during the grace
period, it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> restart the file recovery if it period, it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> restart the file recovery if it
replays the write intent else it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> start replays the write intent, or else it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> start
the resilvering if it replays the resilvering intent. the resilvering if it replays the resilvering intent.
</t> </t>
<t> <t>
Whether the metadata server prevents all I/O to Whether the MDS prevents all I/O to
the file until the resilvering is done or forces all I/O to go through the file until the resilvering is done, forces all I/O to go through
the metadata server or allows a proxy server to update the new data the MDS, or allows a proxy server to update the new data
file as it is being reslivered is all an implementation choice. The file as it is being resilvered is all an implementation choice. The
constraint is that the metadata server is responsible for the constraint is that the MDS is responsible for the
reconstruction of the data file and for the consistency of the reconstruction of the data file and for the consistency of the
mirrors. mirrors.
</t> </t>
<t> <t>
If the metadata server does allow the client access to the If the MDS does allow the client access to the
file during the resilvering, then the client <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> have file during the resilvering, then the client <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> have
the same layout (set of mirror instances) after the metadata server the same layout (set of mirror instances) after the MDS
as before. One way that such a resilvering can occur is for a proxy as before. One way that such a resilvering can occur is for a proxy
server to be inserted into the layout. That server will be copying server to be inserted into the layout. That server will be copying
a good mirror instance to a new instance. As it gets I/O via the a good mirror instance to a new instance. As it gets I/O via the
layout, it will be responsible for updating the copy it is performing. layout, it will be responsible for updating the copy it is performing.
This requirement is that the proxy server <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> This requirement is that the proxy server <bcp14>MUST</bcp14>
stay in the layout until the grace period is finished. stay in the layout until the grace period is finished.
</t> </t>
</section> </section>
<section anchor='sec_vers_mismatch' numbered='true' removeInRFC='false' toc='d efault'> <section anchor='sec_vers_mismatch' numbered='true' toc='default'>
<name>Version Mismatch Considerations</name> <name>Version Mismatch Considerations</name>
<t> <t>
The metadata server has no expectations for the client to use this The MDS has no expectations for the client to use this
new functionality. Therefore, if the client does not use it, the new functionality. Therefore, if the client does not use it, the
metadata server will function normally. MDS will function normally.
</t> </t>
<t> <t>
If the client does use the new functionality and the metadata server does If the client does use the new functionality and the MDS does
not support it, then the metadata server <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> reply with not support it, then the MDS <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> reply with
a NFS4ERR_BAD_STATEID to the LAYOUTRETURN. If the client detects a NFS4ERR_BAD_STATEID to the LAYOUTRETURN. If the client detects
a NFS4ERR_BAD_STATEID error in this scenario, it should fall back to a NFS4ERR_BAD_STATEID error in this scenario, it should fall back to
the old behavior of not reporting errors. the old behavior of not reporting errors.
</t> </t>
</section> </section>
</section> </section>
<section anchor='sec_security' numbered='true' removeInRFC='false' toc='default' > <section anchor='sec_security' numbered='true' toc='default'>
<name>Security Considerations</name> <name>Security Considerations</name>
<t> <t>
There are no new security considerations beyond those in There are no new security considerations beyond those in
<xref target='RFC7862' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/>. <xref target='RFC7862' format='default' sectionFormat='of'/>.
</t> </t>
</section> </section>
<section anchor='sec_iana' numbered='true' removeInRFC='false' toc='default'> <section anchor='sec_iana' numbered='true' toc='default'>
<name>IANA Considerations</name> <name>IANA Considerations</name>
<t> <t>
There are no IANA considerations for this document. This document has no IANA actions.
</t> </t>
</section> </section>
</middle> </middle>
<back> <back>
<references> <references>
<name>References</name> <name>References</name>
<references> <references>
<name>Normative References</name> <name>Normative References</name>
<xi:include xmlns:xi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude' <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2119.
href='https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2119 xml"/>
.xml'/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.4506.
<xi:include xmlns:xi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude' xml"/>
href='https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.4506 <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7862.
.xml'/> xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude' <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7863.
href='https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7862 xml"/>
.xml'/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8174.
<xi:include xmlns:xi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude' xml"/>
href='https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7863 <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8178.
.xml'/> xml"/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude' <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8435.
href='https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8174 xml"/>
.xml'/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8881.
<xi:include xmlns:xi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude' xml"/>
href='https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8178
.xml'/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude'
href='https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8435
.xml'/>
<xi:include xmlns:xi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude'
href='https://xml2rfc.tools.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8881
.xml'/>
</references> </references>
</references> </references>
<section numbered='true' removeInRFC='false' toc='default'> <section numbered='false' toc='default'>
<name>Acknowledgments</name> <name>Acknowledgments</name>
<t> <t><contact fullname="Tigran Mkrtchyan"/>, <contact fullname="Jeff
Tigran Mkrtchyan, Jeff Layton, and Rick Macklem provided reviews of the Layton"/>, and <contact fullname="Rick Macklem"/> provided reviews of
document. the document.</t>
</t>
</section> </section>
</back> </back>
</rfc> </rfc>
 End of changes. 58 change blocks. 
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