About the MacPerl FAQ

Version and Date information:

This is version 2.4 which was last revised September 15, 1996. Changes since prior release: See below for locations of the current FAQ.

The MacPerl FAQ is currently being edited and maintained by Bob Dalgleish and Bob Wilkinson. Contact them for editorial or publication information. The initial version of the FAQ was prepared by Hal Wine. The current outline and a lot of the useful words in this edition were prepared by Hal, as well.

This FAQ is intended as a supplement to the main Perl FAQ , and does not replace it.

Where to get the most recent MacPerl release:

The best way to get official releases of the MacPerl application or tool or this FAQ is to use the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network.

Where to get the most recent FAQ:

The most recent copy of the FAQ is available as MacPerlFAQ.html and MacPerlFAQ.txt.

They are mirrored from MacPerlFAQ.html and MacPerlFAQ.txt, but this web-site has some name registration problems.

Versions of the FAQ can be retrieved by e-mail. Send e-mail to MacPerl@dtor.com with a subject of either:

    get FAQ
for the text version or
    get FAQ.html
for the html version.

What the FAQ covers:

The MacPerl FAQ tries to answer simple questions that are unique to the various versions of MacPerl. For more complex questions, pointers to more detailed information may be given.

The MacPerl FAQ also contains information on some unique applications of MacPerl. However, pointers to other information are more likely for these topics.

Finally, the MacPerl FAQ contains information useful in porting Perl scripts to and from the Unix environment.

What the FAQ doesn't cover:

The MacPerl FAQ does not cover basic Perl questions. Nor does it cover basic Macintosh programming information. It certainly doesn't cover details of WWW CGI programming! This is handled slightly different on the Mac than on other platforms, and pointers are provided for detailed information.

The MacPerl FAQ is also not a tutorial. Nor is it a 100% correct authority on anything! However, we ask your indulgence by sending comments, clarifications, and revisions to one or both of the editors.

How the FAQ is organized:

This FAQ is organized from general information through more specific information. A given topic is covered in the most general location possible.

Both Perl version 4 and 5 have been ported to the Mac. Much of the information in this FAQ is not unique to the Perl version being used.

Where there is a distinction or discrepancy between the versions, the applicable version will be mentioned. The most frequent difference is how package qualifications are made. In Perl4, a variable in a package was entered as $Package'variable. In Perl5, it is entered as $Package::variable, although the old form is acceptable.

The major emphasis of the FAQ has moved to MacPerl 5, so the new package syntax will be used.

Where possible, the users of MacPerl should upgrade to MacPerl5, since its extensibility and generality are very much enhanced. Perl4 scripts will run almost unimpeded under Perl5, but you can easily check for problems by setting the -w switch to flag common errors. The reference file perltraps.html in the release describes common problems.


Table of Contents
  • 1) General Questions
  • 1.1) What's the most recent version of MacPerl?
  • 1.1.1) Perl 5
  • 1.1.2) Perl 4
  • 1.2) How do I install MacPerl?
  • 1.2.1) Transferring the files:
  • 1.2.2) How do I unpack the stuff I got?
  • 1.3) What Macs does MacPerl run on?
  • 1.4) Other MacPerl resources:
  • 1.4.1) Is there an email list for MacPerl?
  • 1.4.2) What other useful resources are there?
  • 2) MacPerl Differences
  • 2.1) What are the differences in functions on MacPerl?
  • 2.2) Compatability with Unix Perl
  • 2.2.1) Why does source preprocessing (-P) not work?
  • 2.2.2) How do I open a pipe both to and from a command?
  • 2.2.3) Why do %ENV changes not pass to processes that I start?
  • 2.2.4) Why don't backticks work as they do on Unix?
  • 2.3) MacOS file system issues
  • 2.3.1) How do I request an input or output file under MacPerl?
  • 2.3.2) Why can't I detect aliases in my script?
  • 2.3.3) How do I pass environment variables to my script?
  • 2.3.4) How do I perform globbing in MacPerl?
  • 2.4) Application additions
  • 2.4.1) package MacPerl
  • 2.4.2) Macintosh Toolbox interfaces
  • 2.5) How can I compare two date strings?
  • 2.6) How do I get MacPerl to recognize the Mac character set?
  • 2.7) How do I access Mac Resources from MacPerl?
  • 3) MacPerl Application
  • 3.1) How do I package my Perl scripts?
  • 3.1.1) Droplets:
  • 3.1.2) Standalone applications/Runtimes:
  • 3.1.3) Which form should I use?
  • 3.1.4) What about other files to go with the package?
  • 3.2) Devices (printer, screen, appleevent):
  • 3.2.1) How can I get MacPERL to dial my modem?
  • 3.2.2) How can I keep local data files in my droplet/runtime?
  • 3.2.3) How can I output to another window?
  • 3.2.4) How can I get/set AppleEvent data?
  • 3.3) How do I develop scripts?
  • 3.3.1) Alpha Text Editor:
  • 3.3.2) BBEdit Text Editor:
  • 4) MacPerl MPW tool
  • 4.1) Installation of MPW MacPerl
  • 4.1.1) Use the following steps:
  • 4.2) Specific differences between the MPW tool and Perl under Unix
  • 5) Special Application Areas
  • 5.1) How can I extend the capabilities of MacPerl?
  • 5.1.1) Perl Modules
  • 5.1.2) Perl Extension System (XS) and dynamic loading of extensions.
  • 5.2) How do I program for the Web?
  • 5.2.1) How do I serve Web information (CGI)?
  • 5.2.2) How do I mail the contents of a filled in form?
  • 5.2.3) How do I create or parse HTML documents?
  • 5.3) Portability tricks and techniques
  • 5.3.1) How do I know that this script is running under MacPerl?
  • 5.3.2) How do I get input from the user of the script?
  • 5.3.3) How do I pass parameters to the script?
  • 5.4) How do I know what directory the current script is in?
  • 6) Misfeatures and Bugs
  • 6.1) Misfeatures
  • 6.1.1) Why does the here-is document not get read properly?
  • 6.1.2) Why does MacPerl not work with Netscape?
  • 6.1.3) When I try to read a particular file, why does MacPerl complain that it is "out of memory"?
  • 6.2) Bugs
  • 6.2.1) I can't get my droplet to run when I drop files on it?

  • 1) General Questions

    1.1) What's the most recent version of MacPerl?

    MacPerl is available in forms corresponding to Unix Perl version 4.036 and 5.001m. Both of these are also available as either a standalone Macintosh application, or as a tool for the MPW (Macintosh Programmer's Workshop) environment.

    Unless you already have MPW, and know its environment, you want the standalone version, hereafter called the MacPerl Application.

    Perl5 introduced several powerful new technologies, including object-oriented programming to the PERL project. This allowed modules to be much more self-sufficient, yet extensible, as well as allowing system extensions. These extensions will be capitalized upon in further releases of MacPerl.

    1.1.1) Perl 5

    The latest version of Perl 5 is available from the CPAN archives in directory http://perl.com/CPAN/ports/mac/ as files:
    Mac_Perl_tool.bin
    for the MacPerl tool
    Mac_Perl_appl.bin
    for the MacPerl application
    Mac_Perl_tool.bin
    for the MacPerl tool from Switzerland
    Mac_Perl_tool.bin
    for the MacPerl application from Switzerland
    Both of these files are in MacBinary format. Other versions may also be available in those directories. For MacPerl 5, the version naming convention also refers to the Unix Perl version. For example, MacPerl version 5.0.1r1m can be deciphered as follows: 5 is the major Perl release, .01 is the Mac revision level, and 1m is the patchlevel of the Perl core.

    The source code for these versions is also available in the same directory. Consult the file Mac_Perl.info for details on which sources are needed for which version.

    1.1.2) Perl 4

    The last version of Perl 4 ported to the Mac is MacPerl 4.1.8, which corresponds to Unix Perl version 4.036 (the last release of Perl 4). While it is quite stable, and has a lot of users still, MacPerl4 is no longer being developed. Many of the newer Perl modules will not work with Perl 4. The latest versions (4.1.8) are available from the CPAN archives in directory ports/mac/ as file:
    http://perl.com/CPAN/ports/mac/Mac_Perl_tool
    for the MacPerl tool
    http://perl.com/CPAN/ports/mac/Mac_Perl_appl
    for the MacPerl application
    ftp://ftp.switch.ch/software/mac/perl/Mac_Perl_tool
    for the MacPerl tool from Switzerland
    ftp://ftp.switch.ch/software/mac/perl/Mac_Perl_appl
    for the MacPerl application from Switzerland
    Both of these files are in MacBinary format.

    1.2) How do I install MacPerl?

    No matter which version of MacPerl you need, the installation process is quite similar.

    1.2.1) Transferring the files:

    Be sure to transfer the files in binary mode.

    After decompressing the archive, be sure to read all the text files in the top level directory. (Or just review them if you're upgrading.)

    1.2.2) How do I unpack the stuff I got?

    In order to enable transmission of Macintosh files across the internet, they must be encoded in various formats. Each layer of encoding adds a suffix to the file. All MacPerl distribution files are StuffIt formatted archives, encapsulated in MacBinary. Use StuffIt Expander, or a similar utility, to decompress the files. See the comp.sys.mac.comm FAQ for a more complete list

    1.3) What Macs does MacPerl run on?

    MacPerl4 runs on any Macintosh, including the PowerMacs. MacPerl5 runs on the same Macs mainly, with the exception of 68000-based machines. A 68000 savvy version of MacPerl5 will likely be available later in 1996.

    1.4) Other MacPerl resources:

    A primer on using MacPerl has been developed by Sandra Silcott. It's available for FTP as a self-extracting archive. The porter of MacPerl, Matthias Neeracher, maintains a question-and-answer list of his own. The list is mailed periodically to macperl list subscribers, and is available at his site.

    1.4.1) Is there an email list for MacPerl?

    Yes! To join, send mail to mac-perl-request@iis.ee.ethz.ch whose BODY (the Subject is ignored) is the word "subscribe" or "unsubscribe". If you send your subscription notice to mac-perl, you will merely annoy people.

    1.4.2) What other useful resources are there?

    A searchable archive of the mailing list is available.

    2) MacPerl Differences

    2.1) What are the differences in functions on MacPerl?

    Differences
    RoutineMacPerl4MacPerl5
    alarmNot implemented
    chmodMeaning of the mode of files is different
    chownMeaning of ownership is different
    chrootNot implemented
    cryptNot implemented Implemented but not distributed in the sources.
    dumpNot implemented. See runtimes.
    execNot implemented
    exitNeeds to be accompanied by MacPerl::Quit to do what you expect.
    fcntlMeaning of controls is system specific Meaning of controls is system specific. POSIX.pm provides a useful interface.
    forkNot implemented
    getlogin
    getpgrp
    setpgrp
    getppid
    getpw*
    getgr*
    setgr*
    endgrent
    endpwent
    Not implemented
    ioctlMeaning of controls is system specific Meaning of controls is system specific. POSIX.pm provides a useful interface.
    killNot implemented
    linkNot implemented
    msg*Not implemented
    openPipes are not supported, except with ToolServer support.
    pipeNot implemented, except with ToolServer support.
    shm*Not implemented
    syscallNot implemented
    timeUses January 1, 1904.
    utimeNot 100% compatible
    umask Does nothing
    waitNot implemented
    waitpidNot implemented

    2.2) Compatability with Unix Perl

    2.2.1) Why does source preprocessing (-P) not work?

    Language processors on Unix have traditionally allowed arbitrary front end preprocessing for their input. The Mac has not.

    Perl5 has significantly extended the syntax and the preparation so that most preprocessing is not needed. The usual use of preprocessing is to provide manifest constants. Subroutines can be made into "bare-words", which allow what-look-to-be constant values, like ENOFILE, to be used in Perl code.

    2.2.2) How do I open a pipe both to and from a command?

    You don't on the Mac.

    2.2.3) Why do %ENV changes not pass to processes that I start?

    The environment variables are aspects of Unix and MSDOS command processing. They are supported only within single processes on the Mac for compatibility purposes.

    2.2.4) Why don't backticks work as they do on Unix?

    The Mac OS doesn't (really) support the notion of subprocesses. These can be faked from MacPerl and MPW if you have an application called "Tool Server". Tool Server is sold as part of various Mac development tools (such as Symantec C and Metroworks). Even so, there are many limitations that are not present under Unix.

    Matthias has hardcoded some strings to be processed by MacPerl itself.

    pwd
    Current working directory.
    Directory
    Current working directory.
    hostname
    Hostname as returned by MacTCP or OpenTransport.
    stty -raw
    Allow single character input from the keyboard.
    stty -cooked
    Allow normal character input (line-oriented) from the keyboard.

    See the documentation file MacPerl.Specifics in your release for up-to-date information. (This file has been superceded in MacPerl5 by the pod:macperl.html file).

    For greater portability, there is a module called Cwd.pm which sets the environment variable PWD. For instance,

        use Cwd;
        chdir_init;
        $p = $ENV{'PWD'};
        ...
        chdir $newdir;
        $p = $ENV{'PWD'};
    

    2.3) MacOS file system issues

    2.3.1) How do I request an input or output file under MacPerl?

    require 'StandardFile.pl';
    
    $infilename = &StandardFile::GetFile('TEXT','ttxt','ttro' , "Default file");
    $outfilename = &StandardFile::PutFile("Output file", "Default output file");
    

    2.3.2) Why can't I detect aliases in my script?

    Droplets *never* see aliases in @ARGV, as the finder resolves them before Perl sees them.

    The same is true for the results of standard file calls.

    This is about to be fixed in MacPerl5r2.

    2.3.3) How do I pass environment variables to my script?

    The "environment" parameter must be passed as a list of strings (name/value pairs). Here is a snippet that works:
    property env : {"HOME", "Boot", "TEMP", "Boot:Temporary Items"}
    property perlScript : "Boot:Scripting:MacPerl Ÿ:called_by_as_test.pl"
    property opts : {"-n", "-x", "Boot:Scripting"}
    
    tell application "MacPerl"
       try
          Do Script ({perlScript} & opts) mode batch environment env without extract
       on error errorMessage number errorNumber
          return errorNumber
       end try
    end tell
    

    2.3.4) How do I perform globbing in MacPerl?

    For MacPerl4, the functionality of globbing can often be achieved using the opendir, readdir, closedir commands. For example,
            @files = <*.error>;
    
    is equivalent to:
        opendir( DIR, ':' ) || die( "Can't open ':': $!\n" );
        @files = grep( /\.error$/, readdir( DIR ) );
        closedir( DIR );
    
    For MacPerl5, globbing is available.

    2.4) Application additions

    2.4.1) package MacPerl

    MacPerl comes with a builtin package of routines and variables which are accessed using the syntax $MacPerl::Variable and &MacPerl::Subroutine. These are documented in the included documentation file macperl.html.

    2.4.2) Macintosh Toolbox interfaces

    The Macintosh Toolbox interfaces are being prepared and tested. To find out about these interfaces, you had best join the MacPerl mailing list.

    2.5) How can I compare two date strings?

    See the FAQ.

    2.6) How do I get MacPerl to recognize the Mac character set?

    A byte can store 8 bits, however, there is only a general agreement as how to use the bottom 7 bits (i.e. the first 128) for representing characters. This standard is ASCII. (Of course, even this has opponents e.g. IBM's use of EBCDIC).

    The top 128 characters which can be stored in a byte are the extended characters. However, which character is represented by which bit-pattern is font-dependent, and especially machine-dependent. Some machines do share the same extended character set e.g. Unix and MS-Windows both use the ISO-lat1 (Latin-1) character set; this is not the same as that generally used on a Macintosh.

    In regular expressions, \w can be used to match against an alphanumeric character, where this set of characters is [A-Za-z0-9_]. This will not match against å, é, ü, è, or any other accented characters which are found in the extended characters of the Macintosh character set (or any other extended characters for this matter).

    Portability of code (from platform to platform, and on the Macintosh from font to font) would not be compromised, if the extended characters were used within the \w, \W matches. Presently, the only way I know to do this safely is to build up a set of characters on an ad hoc basis, as and when they are needed.

    2.7) How do I access Mac Resources from MacPerl?

    You don't, if you want portable code! If you do want to access them, you have to use an XCMD or XFCN (see above for information on that).

    Recently, Matthias has released Perl extensions that allow access to the Macintosh toolbox for Memory, Resources, and Apple Events. Currently, this is PowerMac-compatible only.

    3) MacPerl Application

    3.1) How do I package my Perl scripts?

    3.1.1) Droplets:

    Droplets are mini applications that work in conjunction with MacPerl (the application) under System 7. They are the "recommended" way to package perl scripts on the Mac.

    To make a droplet, simply open your script in MacPerl, then choose "Save As". One of the "Type" options is "Droplet". The droplet is actually an application program that contains the text of your script, plus some code (about 8KB). When launched, the droplet uses Apple Events to launch MacPerl (if it isn't already running), and then sends it the script to execute.

    You can reopen and change the script of droplets from within MacPerl. Subsequent "Saves" will retain the droplet file type.

    If the user launches a droplet by dragging and dropping some files onto the droplet's icon in the Finder, those file names will appear as arguments to the script (i.e. they will be in @ARGV). This is one of the simplest ways to access the command line from outside of MPW.

    The only downside to droplets is that users must have a complete installation of MacPerl, including any libraries that are called by your script. This means that the first application you distribute this way take over 800K. However, future droplets only take up 8K over the size of the script.

    3.1.2) Standalone applications/Runtimes:

    Saving your script as a runtime version (for either system 7 or systems 6 & 7) is another way to package a script as a double-clickable application. However, droplets are the preferred method.

    If having your users install a version of MacPerl is too onerous (required for droplets), then you can save them as a runtime application. However, not all features are supported in the runtime applications. Also, runtime versions take over 500KB per script!

    Note: runtime versions do not execute any quicker. Perl (pre version 5) is always interpreted every time the script is run, period.

    3.1.3) Which form should I use?

    First, let's look at what you have to distribute in order to share a perl script with a friend (your wiz bang lotto number picker script). We'll assume your friend doesn't yet have MacPerl installed and isn't familiar with Perl.

    If you just send the script as a TEXT file, your friend has to install all of MacPerl application and libraries. Then, they have to start up MacPerl with your script and run it.

    Runtime Modules allow your script and it's libraries to be packaged with perl into one application file. While this is convenient, it is quite large (over 500KB), and multiple scripts can't share the runtime module (2 scripts would take over 1MB). To save a script as a runtime module, debug your script, then choose "Save As". Two of the options are runtime modules: one for System 6, and the other for System 7.

    The preferred approach is to save the script as a droplet. A droplet is a tiny (about 8KB) application that also contains your script. When a droplet is executed, it uses AppleEvents to have the MacPerl standalone application run the script. Also, your friend can specify the files to process by simply dropping them onto the droplet's icon in the Finder. Your friend still needs all of MacPerl installed, but doesn't have to directly interact with it.

    Droplets are also created using the "Save As" menu option, and selecting the "Droplet" option. Droplets do require System 7 to work.

    3.1.4) What about other files to go with the package?

    The Perl way to do things is to have Perl modules (files ending in .pm) placed in the script's directory, or in the library, where they will be found by searching the @INC path.

    The Macintosh way is to package everything that is needed into a single file using (named) resources to differentiate components. In support of this, MacPerl allows you to include CODE resources (of type XCMD or XFCN), as well as TEXT resources containing source modules, into the droplet or runtime. To get access to the CODE resource, you need to use the MacPerl::LoadExternals() function. To get access to the source modules, the require primitive searches the TEXT resources of the droplet for the module name.

    3.2) Devices (printer, screen, appleevent):

    3.2.1) How can I get MacPERL to dial my modem?

    Look at CommConnect.t in the :t:mac folder. One note: currently it seems to be impossible to use the Apple Modem Tool successfully, so you have to rely on sending a line like
       ATDT 1-900-MACPERL
    
    to the Serial Tool.

    3.2.2) How can I keep local data files in my droplet/runtime?

    You can access TEXT resources by name using open(STREAM, "Dev:Pseudo:Stream"); for some resource named Stream.

    3.2.3) How can I output to another window?

    open(CON2, ">Dev:Console:Another Window");
    

    3.2.4) How can I get/set AppleEvent data?

    Open Dev:AEVT:FOOB, data associated with event parameter FOOB is read/written.

    3.3) How do I develop scripts?

    3.3.1) Alpha Text Editor:

    You may want to consider getting the shareware text editor Alpha as well. Alpha offers a Perl editting mode in which keywords and comments are automatically colorized, subroutines are easily indexed, and the rather complete Perl man page is readily available as an online help file (indexed by section and command through a menubar popup menu) - ... Beyond that, Alpha is one of the nicest text editors (and my favorite) on any platform.

    Contact W. Thomas Pollard

    Check the Alpha home page for more information. The FTP site has the most recent version, and it is available on all Mac repositories.

    3.3.2) BBEdit Text Editor:

    BBEdit is a commercial text editor, with a free cousin called BBEdit Lite. The editor can recognize Perl syntax, and has syntax colouring (as of version 4.0).

    4) MacPerl MPW tool

    4.1) Installation of MPW MacPerl

    4.1.1) Use the following steps:

    4.2) Specific differences between the MPW tool and Perl under Unix

    The functions which do not work in the same way are outlined in the differences table.

    5) Special Application Areas

    5.1) How can I extend the capabilities of MacPerl?

    AppleScript scripts can be compiled and executed by MacPerl. With a suitable collection of AppleScript Scripting Additions, many system manipulation functions are quite straightforward to perform. With the presence of the Scriptable Finder, many file manipulation operations are quite easy.

    The code modules (XCMD/XFCN) developed for HyperCard may often be used in MacPerl. While there is no external documentation for which HyperCard callbacks are not implemented, most widely available code module libraries offer safe packages. See the macperl.html file in the pod directory of MacPerl for how to use MacPerl::LoadExternal().

    5.1.1) Perl Modules

    See the Perl5 FAQ.

    5.1.2) Perl Extension System (XS) and dynamic loading of extensions.

    Perl 5 introduced the concept that the Perl platform was truly extensible by knowledgeable programmers. External code modules can be written and imported into the Perl application at run-time, while presenting a Perl-ish interface to other programs. This is often the only way to get at many operating systems functions.

    Starting with MacPerl5r2, the extension system has gotten a lot easier, and Matthias has written a number of modules that give access to the MacOS functions. These extension modules are still in beta testing, but will be made available for general release.

    5.2) How do I program for the Web?

    5.2.1) How do I serve Web information (CGI)?

    Learn the operations of doing CGI on the Macintosh. Read the first rate tutorial by Jon Wiederspan.

    5.2.2) How do I mail the contents of a filled in form?

    Use a package called MacSMTP.pl and a demo called MailIt that does these things.

    5.2.3) How do I create or parse HTML documents?

    The best package for this set of tasks is libwww-perl and libwww-perl-5, for MacPerl4 and MacPerl5 respectively. schinder@pjstoaster.pg.md.us (Paul Schinder) has converted these respective libraries to work with MacPerl. See the scripts directory for more information.

    If you want to do smaller versions of these tasks, then try Tom Christian's hacks for useful scripts.

    5.3) Portability tricks and techniques

    5.3.1) How do I know that this script is running under MacPerl?

    The basic method of determining whether the script is running under MacPerl or some other Perl is the test.
        print "Running under MacPerl\n" if $MacPerl::Version;
    
    Under MacPerl5, there is a more portable method, sanctioned by the Perl development community:
        use Config;
        if ( $Config{'osname'} =~ /^macos/i ) {
            print "Running under MacPerl\n";
        }
     

    Accessing file names is different between Unix and MacOS. However, Unix, MacOS and MSDOS all use hierarchical file naming, and some of the commonality has been gathered together into Perl modules for Perl5. Learn to use the portability-oriented modules, such as File::Basename.pm, and File::Path.pm.

    5.3.2) How do I get input from the user of the script?

    The simplest method is to use the MacPerl::Ask() and MacPerl::Answer() methods.

    5.3.3) How do I pass parameters to the script?

    The first line of the Perl script has room for one argument. For instance,
    #!perl -pi.BAK
    
    will invoke MacPerl with the parameters -p (for wrapping an input loop around the code with autoprint), and -i.BAK (for renaming the input file with .BAK appended, and rewriting the file).

    If you also want to give the user a chance to enter command line options, you can use the following code fragment:

       if( $MacPerl::Version =~ /Application$/ ) {
            # we're running from the app
            local( $cmdLine, @args );
            $cmdLine = &MacPerl::Ask( "Enter command line options:" );
            require "shellwords.pl";
            @args = &shellwords( $cmdLine );
            unshift( @ARGV, @args );
        }
    

    If your script just needs to know file names, then you can save the script as a droplet and start it by dropping the desired files onto the droplet's icon from the Finder.

    In the MPW version, the command line is supplied in the same manner as on Unix. For the application, there are two choices, depending on whether or not you need just file names or also options.

    If the parameters you need to supply are mostly fixed, you can also put them after the script itself, in the data portion of the script. For instance,

    # Get the default parameters
     {
       my @parms = <DATA>;
        chomp(@parms);
        unshift(@ARGV, @parms);
    }
    ...
     __END__
    parm1
    parm2
    ...
    

    5.4) How do I know what directory the current script is in?

    $0 contains the full path to the script that is executing. Here's code that will parse this (or any other path) under both file systems:
        $dirSep = '/';  # assume Unix
        $dirSep = ':' if $MacPerl::Version;  # change to Mac
        ($path, $app) = $0 =~ /^(.*$dirSep)?([^$dirSep]+)$/;
    
    or, better because it uses standard facilities,
        use File::Basename;
        ($app, $path) = fileparse($0);
    

    6) Misfeatures and Bugs

    6.1) Misfeatures

    PERL was written in a Unix application environment to handle many common report generation problems, that required quick access to varied information. Its success as a general purpose programming language has occurred despite its provenance, and its (scary ;-) syntax. Many problems are encountered that baffle even the most seasoned computer programmer until the "correct" interpretation is pointed out to them. Here are a number of misfeatures and how to deal with them.

    6.1.1) Why does the here-is document not get read properly?

    More than likely one of the two following conditions is your problem:
    1. there isn't a carriage return after the final HEREIS or
    2. there is a bunch of white space after the final HEREIS
    To put it in Perl terms, the line that terminates the string must be exactly the line that would be produced by the perl code:
        print "HEREIS\n";
    

    6.1.2) Why does MacPerl not work with Netscape?

    One release of MacPerl installed an incorrect version of ObjectSupportLib into the System Folder on PowerMacs.

    The latest version of ObjectSupportLib is 1.1.

    6.1.3) When I try to read a particular file, why does MacPerl complain that it is "out of memory"?

    If the file that you are trying to read is big and was prepared on a Unix system, and not translated to the Mac environment (for instance, FTP transfer in binary mode), then each line in the file will have newline instead of carriage-return at the end. This causes MacPerl to try to read the entire file at once, in an inefficient manner.

    Set the record separator character to "\012" using any of

        use English;
        $/ = "\012";
        $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR = "\012";
        $RS = "\012";
    

    Alternatively, translate the file using an editor or file conversion program.

    6.2) Bugs

    6.2.1) I can't get my droplet to run when I drop files on it?

    Through some low level interactions, software used in the AppleScript system is needed to operate the droplet mechanism. Get the current version of AppleScript and install it in the Extensions Folder of your system.